Bruxism is a repetitive jaw muscle activity characterized by clenching or grinding of teeth and/or bracing or thrusting of the mandible. It can occur during sleep (sleep bruxism) or while awake (awake bruxism). This condition can lead to significant dental damage, jaw pain, and other complications if left untreated.
Occurs: During sleep, unconsciously
Characteristics: Grinding, clenching, gnashing
Awareness: Patient usually unaware
Diagnosis: Often reported by sleep partner
Associated: Sleep disorders, stress
Occurs: During waking hours
Characteristics: Mostly clenching, rarely grinding
Awareness: Patient may be aware
Diagnosis: Self-reported or observed
Associated: Stress, anxiety, concentration
The prognosis for bruxism varies depending on the underlying cause and patient compliance with treatment. Many cases can be successfully managed with night guards and stress reduction techniques. Early intervention is important to prevent severe tooth damage and TMJ complications. Children often outgrow bruxism, while adult cases may require long-term management.